HomeDeficienciesBy At-Risk Group

Deficiency risk by group

Find which nutrient deficiencies you may be at higher risk for based on your life stage, diet, medical conditions, or medications. Always consult your doctor before making changes to your supplement regimen.

OverviewBy SymptomBy At-Risk Group

Life stage

Nutrients commonly associated with deficiency in this group.

Pregnancy & breastfeeding — 13 nutrients

BiotinCopperFolateIodineIronRiboflavinVitamin AVitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)Vitamin CVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KZinc

Older adults (60+) — 10 nutrients

CalciumFolateMagnesiumSodium / Electrolyte SodiumThiamineVitamin B12Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)Vitamin CVitamin DZinc

Infants & children — 11 nutrients

BiotinCalciumCopperIronRiboflavinVitamin AVitamin CVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KZinc

Diet patterns

Nutrients commonly associated with deficiency in this group.

Vegans & vegetarians — 6 nutrients

CalciumIodineIronRiboflavinVitamin B12Zinc

Restricted or limited diets — 6 nutrients

NiacinPhosphorus / PhosphatePotassiumRiboflavinVitamin AVitamin C

Alcohol use disorder — 11 nutrients

FolateMagnesiumNiacinPhosphorus / PhosphatePotassiumRiboflavinThiamineVitamin AVitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)Vitamin CZinc

Smokers / secondhand smoke — 1 nutrient

Vitamin C

Medical conditions

Nutrients commonly associated with deficiency in this group.

GI conditions / malabsorption — 20 nutrients

BiotinCopperFolateIronMagnesiumManganeseNiacinPotassiumRiboflavinSeleniumSodium / Electrolyte SodiumThiamineVitamin AVitamin B12Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)Vitamin CVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KZinc

Bariatric or GI surgery — 10 nutrients

CalciumCopperIronNiacinThiamineVitamin AVitamin B12Vitamin DVitamin EVitamin K

Kidney disease / dialysis — 9 nutrients

CalciumFolateMagnesiumPhosphorus / PhosphateSeleniumThiamineVitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)Vitamin CZinc

Liver disease — 4 nutrients

Sodium / Electrolyte SodiumVitamin AVitamin EVitamin K

Autoimmune conditions — 2 nutrients

Vitamin B12Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Genetic / inherited conditions — 13 nutrients

BiotinCopperFolateMolybdenumNiacinPantothenic AcidPhosphorus / PhosphatePotassiumRiboflavinVitamin AVitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)Vitamin EVitamin K

Critical illness / hospitalization — 3 nutrients

FolatePhosphorus / PhosphatePotassium

HIV — 1 nutrient

Selenium

Long-term parenteral nutrition (TPN) — 8 nutrients

BiotinChromiumCopperManganeseMolybdenumPantothenic AcidPhosphorus / PhosphateSelenium

Severe or persistent vomiting — 3 nutrients

PotassiumSodium / Electrolyte SodiumThiamine

Limited sun exposure or darker skin — 1 nutrient

Vitamin D

Endurance athletes — 4 nutrients

IronMagnesiumRiboflavinSodium / Electrolyte Sodium

Medications

Nutrients commonly associated with deficiency in this group.

PPI users (omeprazole, etc.) — 3 nutrients

CalciumMagnesiumVitamin B12

Metformin users — 1 nutrient

Vitamin B12

Diuretic users — 5 nutrients

MagnesiumPotassiumSodium / Electrolyte SodiumThiamineZinc

Anticonvulsant users — 4 nutrients

BiotinFolateVitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)Vitamin D

Other medications — 9 nutrients

BiotinCalciumFolateNiacinSodium / Electrolyte SodiumVitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)Vitamin DVitamin KZinc

Long-term high-dose zinc users — 1 nutrient

Copper