Top Picks — Cognitive

🧠 Best Cognitive Supplements

Top cognitive supplements ranked by clinical evidence — for memory, focus, mental clarity, and brain health. Bacopa, Lion's Mane, Citicoline, and more.

167 ingredients reviewed Ranked by clinical evidence

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Top 5 — Ranked by Evidence

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Triglyceride reduction

1–3 g/day combined EPA+DHA for general health; 2–4 g/day for triglyceride reduction

Red Blood Cell Formation and Anemia Prevention

2.4 mcg/day (RDA); deficiency treatment: 1,000–2,000 mcg/day oral (sublingual

Enhances Alertness and Focus

100–400 mg/day; performance: 3–6 mg/kg body weight 60 minutes pre-exercise; upper safe

Lutemax® 2020 (Lutein + Both Zeaxanthins — OmniActive)

Three Macular Carotenoids in Dietary Ratio

Adults: 10mg lutein+2mg zeaxanthin (low) or 20mg+4mg (high) daily. Children: 10mg+2mg

Creatine Monohydrate

Strength and high-intensity exercise performance

Standard daily: 3-5 g/day (no loading needed). Optional loading: 20 g/day × 5-7 days,

📈 Fastest Growing Cognitive Ingredients

Branded ingredients seeing rapid growth in formulator adoption and clinical research in 2024–2026.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Triglyceride reduction

1–3 g/day combined EPA+DHA for general health; 2–4 g/day for triglyceride reduction (under…

Creatine Monohydrate

Strength and high-intensity exercise performance

Standard daily: 3-5 g/day (no loading needed). Optional loading: 20 g/day × 5-7 days, then 3-5…

Lutemax® 2020 (Lutein + Both Zeaxanthins — OmniActive)

Three Macular Carotenoids in Dietary Ratio

Adults: 10mg lutein+2mg zeaxanthin (low) or 20mg+4mg (high) daily. Children: 10mg+2mg gummy.…

🔬 Future Cognitive Ingredients to Watch

Lower current evidence but active research underway — these may become top picks within 2–3 years.

Lion's Mane Mushroom

Brain Health and Cognitive Support

500–3,000 mg/day dried mushroom powder; extract: 250–500 mg/day (standardized to >30%…

EGb 761® (Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract)

Symptomatic Support in Mild–Moderate Dementia

120–240 mg/day; dementia and anxiety trials predominantly used 240 mg/day, given once daily or…

Testosterone increase in middle-aged men

Standard clinical dose: 250 mg twice daily (500 mg/day total) of purified shilajit…

Recommended Cognitive Products

Heads up: NutraSmarts may earn a commission from purchases made through these links, at no extra cost to you. We curate these picks based on the same evidence we cite throughout the page. Full disclosure.

Real products featuring the best-evidenced cognitive ingredients ranked above - chosen for clinically-studied forms and doses, third-party testing, and value. Match the supplement to your specific need.

Best for brain & overall omega-3 support Amazon →

Nordic Naturals Ultimate Omega

1,280 mg omega-3/serving (EPA/DHA), 120 softgels

High-potency triglyceride-form fish oil with substantial EPA/DHA; lemon-flavored, non-GMO, third-party purity tested.

Best for focus & memory support Amazon →

Jarrow Formulas Citicoline (CDP Choline)

250 mg capsules, 120 ct

Citicoline supports brain energy metabolism and attention; non-GMO, vegan, up to a 120-day supply.

Best for focus & nervous-system support Amazon →

Host Defense Lion's Mane Capsules

Organic mycelium capsules, 120 ct

Certified-organic lion's mane from mycologist-founded Host Defense, U.S.-grown and vegan.

Best for calm, focused alertness Amazon →

NOW Foods L-Theanine Double Strength 200 mg

200 mg + 100 mg inositol veg capsules, 120 ct

L-theanine, the amino acid from green tea, promotes relaxation without drowsiness; vegetarian, non-GMO, pairs with caffeine.

All Cognitive Ingredients (201)

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Triglyceride reduction

1–3 g/day combined EPA+DHA for general health; 2–4 g/day for triglyceride reduction

Red Blood Cell Formation and Anemia Prevention

2.4 mcg/day (RDA); deficiency treatment: 1,000–2,000 mcg/day oral (sublingual

Enhances Alertness and Focus

100–400 mg/day; performance: 3–6 mg/kg body weight 60 minutes pre-exercise; upper safe

Lutemax® 2020 (Lutein + Both Zeaxanthins — OmniActive)

Three Macular Carotenoids in Dietary Ratio

Adults: 10mg lutein+2mg zeaxanthin (low) or 20mg+4mg (high) daily. Children: 10mg+2mg

Creatine Monohydrate

Strength and high-intensity exercise performance

Standard daily: 3-5 g/day (no loading needed). Optional loading: 20 g/day × 5-7 days,

Pycnogenol® (French Maritime Pine Bark)

Blood pressure — modest effect, mostly in hypertensives

50–200 mg/day; cardiovascular: 100–200 mg/day; cognitive: 100 mg/day; athletic

Fish Oil (EPA + DHA)

Triglyceride reduction

General: 1 g/day EPA+DHA. Hypertriglyceridemia: 3-4 g/day. REDUCE-IT regimen: 4 g/day

FloraGLO® Lutein (Kemin)

AREDS2 — slowing AMD progression in intermediate AMD

AREDS2 standard: 10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin/day. Cognitive: 12 mg/day.

Immune System Support

8–11 mg/day (RDA); therapeutic: 25–40 mg/day elemental zinc; upper limit 40 mg/day;

Creapure® (Pharmaceutical-Grade Creatine Monohydrate)

Strength and power output

Loading: 0.3 g/kg/day for 5–7 days (typically 20 g/day split in 4 doses). Maintenance:

CurQfen® (Curcumin-Fenugreek FenuMat — Akay Bioactives)

45.5× Free Curcuminoid Bioavailability

400-500 mg/day CurQfen (research-validated; some applications use higher)

Longvida® Optimized Curcumin (Verdure Sciences)

Cognitive Function (400 mg/day)

400 mg/day Longvida (cognitive applications); 800 mg/day (joint health, exercise

Cognitive function in age-related decline

AD/MCI: 400 mg × 3/day = 1200 mg/day. COGNITIVE: 300-600 mg/day. ATHLETIC: 250-600 mg

Promotes Relaxation Without Sedation

100–400 mg/day; relaxation: 200 mg; caffeine synergy: 100–200 mg with caffeine; sleep:

Migraine Prevention

1.1–1.3 mg/day (RDA); migraine prevention: 400 mg/day (clinical studies); metabolic

Testosterone and Muscle

KSM-66® root extract: 300-600 mg/day (most stress/sleep trials). Shoden®: 120-240

Stress and Anxiety Reduction

300–600 mg/day KSM-66® root extract (5% withanolides); 300 mg twice daily or 600 mg

Antioxidant Properties

250–500 mg/day EGCG standardized extract; whole green tea: 3–5 cups/day (≈240–320 mg

Saffron Extract (Crocus sativus)

Mild-to-moderate depression — comparable to standard antidepressants

Depression (most-studied): 30 mg/day standardized stigma extract × 6-8 weeks. PMS:

Memory in age-associated memory impairment

250–500 mg/day (as Cognizin®); cognitive: 500 mg/day; stroke recovery studies use

Phosphatidylserine

Age-related memory complaints — modest benefit

Cognitive (elderly): 100-300 mg/day. Athletic (cortisol): 600-800 mg/day × 10-15 days.

Pomegranate Extract

Blood pressure and arterial health

Standard cardiovascular dose: 500-1,500 mg/day pomegranate extract standardized to

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

Brain Health and Mood Regulation

1.3–1.7 mg/day (RDA); therapeutic: 25–100 mg/day; upper limit 100 mg/day long-term

Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)

Neuropathy pain relief and nerve regeneration

COGNITIVE/AGING: 1500-3000 mg/day divided. DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: 1000 mg × 3/day = 3000

Algal Oil DHA (Vegan Omega-3)

Vegan and vegetarian source of preformed EPA and DHA

General health: 200-500 mg DHA/day. Pregnancy: 200-300 mg DHA/day minimum (matches

Hericium erinaceus (Mycelium vs Fruiting Body — Strain Specifics)

Mild Cognitive Impairment 16-week trial

Fruiting body powder: 3 g/day × 16 weeks (the mild cognitive impairment trial

Nicotinamide Riboside

Documented blood NAD+ elevation

Standard dose: 250-1,000 mg/day NR. Most clinical trials use 300-600 mg/day. Take with

Pine Bark Extract

Cardiovascular support

Standard dose: 100-300 mg/day standardized pine bark extract (≥85% proanthocyanidins).

Choline Bitartrate

Supports Acetylcholine Synthesis

AI: 425-550 mg/day adults; 450 mg pregnancy, 550 mg lactation. Bitartrate supplements

DailyZz™ (Spearmint + Green Tea Sleep Nootropic — Kemin)

Improved sleep quality and reduced insomnia severity

485 mg DailyZz once daily — taken 30 minutes before bedtime per the published clinical

FerroChel® (Ferrous Bisglycinate Chelate)

Higher bioavailability than ferrous sulfate

Typical FerroChel® doses provide 14–28 mg elemental iron once daily for routine

Levagen+® (PEA — Palmitoylethanolamide — Gencor)

Enhanced bioavailability over standard PEA

Standard dose: 300-600 mg/day Levagen+® — substantially lower than typical PEA

Neumentix® (Spearmint Extract — Kemin)

Working memory in older adults

Standard cognitive protocol: 900 mg/day Neumentix® (typically 600 mg morning + 300 mg

Niagen® (Nicotinamide Riboside — ChromaDex)

Foundational blood NAD+ elevation evidence

Clinical trial doses: 250-1,000 mg/day Niagen®. Most studies use 300-600 mg/day. Take

Quatrefolic® (L-5-MTHF Methylfolate — Gnosis)

Patent-protected stable crystal form

General supplementation: 400-1,000 mcg DFE Quatrefolic® daily. Pregnancy: 400-800 mcg

BaCognize® (Standardized Bacopa monnieri — Verdure Sciences)

Cognitive function in healthy adults (Kumar 2016)

300 mg/day BaCognize, typically 150 mg twice daily (Kumar 2016 dosing schedule). Some

Bacopa Monnieri

Memory consolidation — strongest evidence

300–450 mg/day of 55% bacoside-standardized extract; effects require 8–12 weeks of

Bacopin® (Bacopa monnieri Extract — Sabinsa)

Memory and learning (Bacopa class evidence)

100-300 mg/day Bacopin standardized extract, typically split into 1-2 daily doses with

Fetal brain development and pregnancy

425 mg/day (women AI); 550 mg/day (men AI); 930 mg/day (pregnant); up to 3,500 mg/day

GeniusPure® (High-Purity Alpha-GPC)

Memory, learning, and cognitive enhancement

300–600 mg/day alpha-GPC (as standard 50% — adjust for GeniusPure® 70% or 90%

Ginkgoselect® Phytosome (Ginkgo Phytosome — Indena)

Cognitive Function and Working Memory

120-240 mg/day Ginkgoselect Phytosome

Magtein® (Magnesium L-Threonate)

Brain magnesium elevation — only form crossing the blood-brain barrier

2g/day Magtein® (145 mg elemental magnesium); taken as 1g morning + 1g evening; 6-week

Methylcobalamin (Active B12)

Bioactive Coenzyme Form

500-2,000 µg/day sublingual or oral for general supplementation; 1,000-2,500 µg/day

Neuravena® (Wild Green Oat Extract — Frutarom)

Cognitive Function and Attention

800-1,600 mg/day Neuravena (research-validated)

Nitrosigine® (Arginine Silicate)

Superior nitric oxide and arginine elevation

1,500 mg/day; most studies use 1,500 mg taken 30–60 minutes pre-exercise

Nutricog® (Haritaki + Boswellia Cognitive Performance Complex — PLT Health)

Multi-domain cognitive improvement

Per Nutricog clinical trial protocol — daily dosing for 120 days. Effects on memory

Stress and fatigue reduction

200–600 mg/day standardized extract; taken before meals

Sensoril® (Ashwagandha Extract — Verdure/Natreon)

Stress Reduction

125-500 mg/day Sensoril (research-validated; stress applications often 250 mg/day)

Soy Isoflavones (Glycine max)

Menopausal symptom reduction

40–80 mg/day total isoflavones; menopausal symptoms: 50–80 mg/day; bone health: 54–100

Alpha brainwave induction

50–200 mg/day; 100–200 mg for relaxation/focus; 50 mg for caffeine stacking

Zenroot® (Low-Dose Bioavailable Ashwagandha Root Extract — OmniActive)

Stress reduction in under 30 days (Bengaluru 2025)

125 mg/day Zenroot (used in both 2025 published trials). The bioavailability advantage

Zynamite® S (Non-Stim Mental Energy — Water Soluble)

25% faster information processing — within 30 minutes

100–150 mg Zynamite® S (single dose, acute cognitive benefits within 30 minutes); 150

enXtra® (Standardized Alpinia galanga Extract — OmniActive)

Sustained 5-hour alertness

300 mg/day (single serving) is the standard dose used across all published trials. Can

Cereboost™ (American Ginseng for Cognition — Givaudan)

Cognitive Performance

200 mg/day Cereboost (research-validated)

goCOCOA® (Cocoa Flavanol Extract)

Cardiovascular health and blood pressure reduction

200–400 mg/day cocoa flavanols (epicatechin equivalent); cardiovascular/cognitive:

nooLVL® (Inositol-Enhanced Arginine for Gaming & Cognition)

Gaming performance — accuracy and reaction time

1,600 mg/day nooLVL® (clinically tested dose); cognitive benefits within 15 minutes;

Energy and Fatigue Reduction

200–400 mg/day standardized extract (ginsenosides ≥4–7%); American ginseng: 100–200

Lion's Mane Mushroom

Brain Health and Cognitive Support

500–3,000 mg/day dried mushroom powder; extract: 250–500 mg/day (standardized to >30%

Eye health and visual function

4–12 mg/day from Haematococcus pluvialis extract; skin: 4–6 mg/day; exercise recovery:

EGb 761® (Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract)

Symptomatic Support in Mild–Moderate Dementia

120–240 mg/day; dementia and anxiety trials predominantly used 240 mg/day, given once

PhosphatidylCholine

NAFLD/MASLD adjunct — strongest evidence base

NAFLD/MASLD: 1.5-2.1 g/day standardized PC × 6 months. General choline/cognitive:

Alpha-Lactalbumin

Morning alertness from evening tryptophan loading

EVENING: 20 g 60-90 min pre-bed. DAYTIME: 20 g stress-vulnerable. EXERCISE: 20-30 g

Cognitive Function and Memory

120–240 mg/day standardized leaf extract (24% flavonol glycosides, 6% terpene

PrimaVie® (Shilajit Extract — Natreon)

Testosterone support in middle-aged men (foundational trial)

Clinical trial dose: 250 mg twice daily (500 mg/day total) for 90 days. CoQ10

SAMe (S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine)

Mood and Depression Support

400–800 mg/day for depression; 600–1,200 mg/day for osteoarthritis; taken on empty

Testosterone increase in middle-aged men

Standard clinical dose: 250 mg twice daily (500 mg/day total) of purified shilajit

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (mixed RCT results)

DIABETIC NEUROPATHY (BENDIP): 600 mg/day × 6 wk then 300 mg/day. BOND: 300 mg BID × 12

Bifidobacterium longum 1714 (Zenflore™ / 1714-Serenitas™)

Subjective stress reduction in healthy adults

Standard dose: 1 billion CFU (1×10⁹) once daily as Zenflore™ or 1714-Serenitas™. Trial

Cerebrolysin (FPF-1070)

Vascular dementia — strongest indication

VASCULAR DEMENTIA: 20 mL IV/day × two 4-wk courses. STROKE (CARS-1/2): 30 mL/day IV ×

CocoaVia® (Mars Edge Cocoa Flavanol Extract)

Cardiovascular death reduction

Standard dose: 500-750 mg cocoa flavanols daily (1-2 CocoaVia® servings). COSMOS trial

Codonopsis lanceolata (Deodeok / Korean Bonnet Bellflower)

Sarcopenia 12-week RCT protocol (Kyung Hee)

TCM TYPICAL: 9-15 g/day root decoction. SARCOPENIA RCT (Park 2022 protocol): 750 mg

CoffeeBerry® Cascara

Acute Elevation of Plasma BDNF

100 mg single acute dose (BDNF study); 100-300 mg/day in subsequent cognitive trials.

Ergothioneine (ErgoActive®)

Exceptional cellular antioxidant protection

5–30 mg/day; most human studies use 5–20 mg/day; dietary intake from mushrooms

Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Supports a Healthy Gut Microbiome

Adult clinical trials have used 5-20 g/day of 2'-FL and/or LNnT; infant formulas

Visual recovery in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)

LHON (Raxone® EMA-approved): 900 mg/day in 3 divided doses (150 mg × 2 caps × 3/day).

Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 + Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (Probio'Stick® / Cerebiome®)

Stress and anxiety in healthy volunteers

3 billion CFU per sachet daily for 30 days (Probio'Stick® / Cerebiome®). Longer

Supports Antioxidant Defense

Vimang mango bark extract: 300-900 mg/day standardized to mangiferin; Zynamite mango

Multivitamin / Multimineral

Reduced total cancer incidence in older men (PHS II)

STANDARD: 1 tablet/day MVMM ~100% DV most vitamins, 25-100% DV minerals. PHS II +

Acute Cognitive Performance

50-200 mg as a single acute dose; 100-200 mg is the most commonly studied range for

Polygala (Yuan Zhi)

Memory enhancement in healthy adults (BT-11 RCT)

BT-11 STANDARDIZED EXTRACT (Korean RCTs): 200-300 mg 3×/day = 600-900 mg/day × 4-12

Stress-related fatigue reduction

200–400 mg/day of standardized Rhodiola rosea extract in stress, anxiety, and fatigue

Rosmarinic Acid

Reduced seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms

ALLERGIC RHINITIS: 50-200 mg/day Perilla × 21 d. AD COGNITION (Noguchi-Shinohara): 500

Sage Extract / Cognivia® (Salvia officinalis)

Memory and cognitive performance

COGNIVIA®: 600 mg/day (400 mg S. officinalis aqueous + 50 µL S. lavandulaefolia oil).

Sharp-PS® (Soy-Free Sunflower Phosphatidylserine)

Memory and cognitive support in older adults with complaints

Most cognition and stress trials use 100–400 mg/day PS (typically 100 mg three times

Spearmint Extract

Cognitive function in older adults

Cognitive applications: 900 mg/day Neumentix® standardized spearmint extract.

TeaCrine® (Theacrine)

Sustained energy without tolerance

STANDARD: 100-300 mg/day (safety to 300 mg × 8 wk continuous). STACK: 125-150 mg

Theracurmin® (Colloidal Nanoparticle Curcumin — Theravalues)

Osteoarthritis pain reduction

Theracurmin®: 30-180 mg/day (provides curcumin equivalent of much higher standard

Vanizem® (Grains of Paradise Extract for Stress + Mood + Sleep — PLT Health)

Stress reduction within 3 days

100-150 mg/day Vanizem — the doses producing significant effects in the clinical

Veri-te™ Resveratrol (Evolva)

Cognitive performance in postmenopausal women

RESHAW PIVOTAL: 75 mg trans-resveratrol BID = 150 mg/day × 12-24 months in

Yüth® (Spermidine)

Autophagy induction and cellular rejuvenation

1–10 mg/day spermidine (Yüth® formulation specifications); typical supplement use: 1.2

enfinity® Paraxanthine

Supports Cognitive Performance

100-200 mg per serving; 50, 100, and 200 mg evaluated in published dose-response trials.

Alpinia galanga (Greater Galangal)

Caffeine-free alertness and attention

300 mg/day standardized Alpinia galanga rhizome extract — the dose used in published

B-Complex (Combined B Vitamins)

Comprehensive B Vitamin Coverage

1× RDA (basic) to 5-10× RDA (high-potency) of each B vitamin; varies by product

CardaMind™ (Black Cardamom Cognitive Performance — Akay Bioactives)

Caffeine-level cognitive performance — without caffeine

250 mg/day CardaMind (MA2-24) — the dose used in the pivotal clinical trial. Effects

Coffee Fruit Extract (CoffeeFruit Pure™)

BDNF elevation — the brain growth factor

100–200 mg/day whole coffee fruit concentrate; NeuroFactor™ clinical dose: 100 mg/day

Cognivia™ (Garden + Spanish Sage Cognitive)

Working memory in healthy adults

PIVOTAL: 600 mg/day Cognivia™ × 29 days (Northumbria University n=94). DOSE

Dynamine® (Methylliberine)

Fast-onset energy and focus

100–200 mg Dynamine® standalone; 100 mg Dynamine® + 100–200 mg caffeine (synergistic

FastBliss® (Paraxanthine)

Cognitive enhancement without caffeine anxiety

50–200 mg/day paraxanthine; cognitive benefits at doses as low as 50 mg; full effect

Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)

Wound Healing and Scar Improvement

60-120 mg/day standardized extract (containing total triterpenes ~30%); whole herb 1-2

Holy Basil (Tulsi)

Stress adaptation and cortisol regulation

300–600 mg/day dried leaf extract; 1–2 g/day whole leaf powder

Alzheimer's Disease Cognitive Improvement

50-200 mcg twice daily (100-400 mcg/day total); China research uses up to 400 mcg/day

Cognitive performance under stress and sleep deprivation

500–2,000 mg/day; cognitive/stress: 100–150 mg/kg before demanding tasks

Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

Anxiety and Stress Reduction

300-600 mg/day standardized extract; tea 1.5-4.5 g dried herb per cup; tincture 2-3 mL

Lysoveta® (LPC-Bound EPA/DHA from Krill — Aker BioMarine)

>2-fold brain DHA elevation (preclinical)

NDI-approved up to 1.5 g/day for general adult population (US). Preclinical brain

MCT Oil (Medium-Chain Triglycerides)

Rapid energy production and ketone generation

15–30 mL/day (1–2 tablespoons); start with 5–10 mL and increase gradually to avoid GI

Mucuna Pruriens (Velvet Bean / Kapikacchu)

Parkinson's Disease Adjunct (CRITICAL: Medical Supervision Required)

Standardized to L-DOPA content: 250-500 mg L-DOPA per dose for Parkinson-related uses

PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)

Mitochondrial biogenesis stimulation

10–20 mg/day; 20 mg most studied for cognitive effects; often combined with 200–300 mg

Puremidine™ (Spermidine)

Autophagy induction and cellular rejuvenation

1–10 mg/day spermidine; observational longevity data at dietary intake of ~10–15

Schisandra Chinensis (Five-Flavor Berry)

Hepatoprotection / Liver Support

500-2,000 mg/day extract (standardized to schisandrin content); berry powder 1-6

Shagandha® (Ashwagandha Root Extract)

Stress and Cortisol Support

Ashwagandha root-extract stress/sleep trials commonly used 300–600 mg/day of

Cardiovascular Support

Controlled trials have used 250-1000 mg pure theobromine acutely and 700-979 mg/day

Tocotrienols (Vitamin E Family)

Cholesterol-Lowering Effects

100-400 mg/day total tocotrienols; for cholesterol/CV: 200-300 mg gamma+delta

Cerebrovascular Insufficiency / Stroke Recovery (Eastern European Use)

5-10 mg three times daily (15-30 mg/day total); some research uses up to 60 mg/day

Zembrin® (Sceletium tortuosum)

Anxiety and stress reduction

8–25 mg/day Zembrin®; anxiety/mood: 8–25 mg/day; cognitive studies use 25 mg/day;

goBHB® (Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ketone Salts)

Rapid ketosis and alternative brain fuel

6–12g BHB salts to achieve meaningful blood ketone elevation (0.5–1.0 mmol/L);

Ecklonia Cava (Brown Seaweed Polyphenol)

Superior antioxidant activity — unique marine polyphenols

400–800 mg/day Ecklonia cava extract standardized for phlorotannins; clinical studies

Zensera™ (Stress-Cognitive Ingredient by Givaudan)

Same-day cognitive benefits under stress

Per Zensera™ clinical dosing from Givaudan; single-dose acute benefits confirmed in

Enzogenol® (Pinus radiata Bark Extract)

Working memory in healthy older adults

Cognitive: 480 mg/day × 5 weeks. Mild TBI: 1,000 mg/day × 6-12 weeks. Take with food.

Anserine (β-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine)

Verbal memory preservation in older adults

HISATSUNE 2016 COGNITIVE: 1.0 g anserine/carnosine 3:1 daily × 3 mo. MASUOKA 2019 MCI

Lecithin (Phosphatidylcholine Complex)

Cholesterol Reduction — Variable Evidence

CV: 500 mg to 22.5 g/day soy lecithin (Knuiman 1980: 7.5 g × 3/day). Spilburg 2003

Oxaloacetate (Anhydrous Enol)

Cellular energy metabolism support

Standard dose: 100-300 mg/day anhydrous enol oxaloacetate (benaGene™). Cognitive

Aniracetam (Ro 13-5057)

Mild Alzheimer's disease (Senin 1991 multicenter RCT)

AD RCT: 1500 mg/day × 6 mo. STANDARD: 750-1500 mg/day in 2-3 doses with meals.

Bemethyl (Bemitil / Metaprot)

Asthenic disorders (1988 RCT vs piracetam/pyriditol)

RUSSIAN/CIS APPROVED: 250-500 mg 1-2×/day for asthenia; courses 3-5 days with 2-3 day

Brainberry® (Aronia melanocarpa Extract)

Long-term cognitive performance in middle-aged adults

: 90 mg or 150 mg AME daily × 24 wk middle-aged adults. CROSSOVER: 160 mg/day older

Bromantane (Ladasten)

Asthenic disorders / neurasthenia (PIVOTAL 728-patient multicenter trial)

RUSSIAN APPROVED (asthenia): 50-100 mg/day morning × 28 days. NOOTROPIC: 25-50 mg/day.

Catuaba (Trichilia catigua)

Dopamine-mediated antidepressant-like mechanism

TRADITIONAL TINCTURE: 30-60 drops 2-3×/day. CAPSULE: 500-1,000 mg standardized bark

Centrophenoxine (Meclofenoxate)

Reduction of lipofuscin (age-related cellular waste pigment)

DEMENTIA: 1560-2000 mg/day (Pek 1989: 2 g/day × 8 wk). HEALTHY ELDERLY: ~1200 mg/day.

Cognigrape® (Vitis vinifera Grape Extract)

Cognitive function in older adults

PIVOTAL: 250 mg/day Cognigrape® × 12 wk single daily dose. 2024 FOLLOW-UP: 250 mg/day

Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms — Mixed Results

SCHIZOPHRENIA: 30 mg/kg/day (~2-2.5 g/day adult) up to 120 mg/kg/day dose-escalation.

Fasoracetam (NS-105 / NFC-1)

ADHD adolescents with mGluR mutations

HAKONARSON 2017 (ADHD adolescents): 50-800 mg/day, escalation up to 400 mg BID × 4 wk.

Memophenol™ (Grape + Blueberry Polyphenol Extract)

Episodic memory in healthy elderly

Healthy elderly: 600 mg/day Memophenol™ (containing 258 mg flavonoids) × 6 months. MCI

Mexidol (Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate)

Hemispheric ischemic stroke (EPICA RCT)

MIR 2024 STROKE PROTOCOL: 500 mg IV 2×/day × 10 days, then Mexidol FORTE 250 mg PO

Nefiracetam (DM-9384)

Poststroke depression with apathy (Robinson 2009 small POSITIVE)

ROBINSON 2009 (poststroke apathy): 600-900 mg/day × 12 wk. NOOTROPIC: 150-450 mg/day

Natural COX-pathway support

No established human supplemental dose. Mechanistic studies estimate that

Oxiracetam (4-Hydroxy Piracetam)

Mild-moderate dementia cognitive support

Dementia trials: 800 mg twice daily (1,600 mg/day). Nootropic users: 800-2,400 mg/day

Phenylpiracetam (Phenotropil / Carphedon)

Vascular encephalopathy

RUSSIAN: 100-200 mg/day divided morning + early afternoon. STROKE/TBI: 200-400 mg/day.

Piracetam (2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidine-acetamide)

Cognitive impairment in elderly — evidence is mixed and conflicted

DEMENTIA: 2.4-9.6 g/day. UCB MCI: 4.8-9.6 g/day × 12 mo. STROKE: 4.8-9.6 g/day. AD: 8

Pyritinol (Pyrithioxine / Encephabol)

Senile dementia cognitive support

Dementia (European Rx protocol): 200 mg hydrochloride three times daily (600 mg/day).

Generalized anxiety disorder vs medazepam (pivotal)

RUSSIAN APPROVED (intranasal): 2700 μg/day in 2-3 doses. NOOTROPIC: 250-500 μg/dose,

Semax (ACTH 4-7 PGP)

Acute ischemic stroke treatment (Russian regulatory approval)

STROKE (Russian approved): 12-18 mg/day intranasal in 3-6 doses × 10-14 days.

Silk Amino Acids / Silk Fibroin Hydrolysate

Cognitive function support — memory, attention, mental focus

COGNITIVE: 200-600 mg silk fibroin enzyme hydrolysate (FEH)/day × 3-16 wk. STAMINA:

Sulbutiamine (Arcalion)

Asthenia and chronic fatigue improvement

ASTHENIA (Arcalion approved): 200-600 mg/day divided. Shipelowitz 1984 best at 600 mg.

Improved glucose tolerance in metabolic syndrome

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE: 3.3-10 g/day (Mizote 2017: 10 g; Yoshizane 2020: 3.3 g). PAD pilot:

Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Zhi Mu)

Supports menopausal comfort

Traditional TCM decoctions use 6–12 g dried rhizome daily; standardized extracts in

Apoaequorin Protein

Marketed for memory support

Manufacturer trials have typically used 10 mg of apoaequorin per day; the commercial

Euphoria longana (Longan Fruit Pulp Extract)

Traditionally supports restful sleep

Traditional Chinese Medicine doses of dried longan aril typically range from 6 to 15 g

Guayusa (AMATEA® Organic Guayusa)

Clean energy and sustained focus

300–600 mg/day AMATEA® extract (providing 50–100 mg natural caffeine equivalent);

Hoki Roe Powder

Supports Cardiovascular Wellness

Commercial supplements typically provide 500-1,500 mg of hoki roe powder daily,

L-Phenylalanine / DLPA

Catecholamine Precursor (Mood Support)

L-phenylalanine: 500–1,500 mg/day for mood/cognitive support; DLPA: 375–2,250 mg/day

Ligusticum Chuanxiong (Chuan Xiong)

Supports Healthy Circulation

Traditional decoctions use 3-9 g/day of dried rhizome; modern standardized extracts

Mast Cell Stabilization

100-300 mg/day general use; mast cell protocols often use luteolin 100-200 mg with

Magnesium Acetyl-Taurate

Stress and relaxation support

Human dosing is not well established; animal studies used weight-based doses. Products

Methylene Blue (Methylthioninium Chloride)

Methemoglobinemia Treatment (Established Pharmaceutical Use)

Pharmaceutical (methemoglobinemia): 1-2 mg/kg IV; 'biohacking' use: 0.5-4 mg/day oral

PANMOL® NADH Micro

Cellular Energy Support

5-10 mg/day taken sublingually or on an empty stomach in morning; CFS trial used 10

Phenylethylamine (β-PEA)

Acute Mood Lift (Brief)

100-500 mg orally as a single acute dose; effects are very brief (<10 minutes) due to

Cognitive Function (Mixed Evidence)

10-100 mg/day (start LOW); some integrative practitioners use 5-30 mg; trials have

Better Bioavailability than Resveratrol

50-250 mg/day; trial used 125 mg twice daily (250 mg/day total)

Bipolar Depression — Small Trial Evidence

JENSEN 2008 BIPOLAR: triacetyluridine (TAU) up to 18 g/day × 6 wk. KONDO 2011

Virtiva® (Ginkgo biloba Phytosome)

Improved Flavonoid Bioavailability

Ginkgo cognition trials commonly used standardized extract ~120–240 mg/day; phytosome

Axivite® (Energy and Cognitive Performance Ingredient)

Sustained energy and mental alertness

Per Axivite® product specifications; clinical dosing per SEE Nutrition product

Hōlistiq™ (Adaptogen + Mushroom Wellness Blend)

Stress resilience and HPA axis normalization

Per product label; typical adaptogen blend 300–800mg/day; mushroom component

Coluracetam (BCI-540 / MKC-231)

Depression with comorbid anxiety — UNPUBLISHED phase 2 only

BrainCells PHASE IIa: 240 mg/day (80 mg × 3). NOOTROPIC: 5-80 mg per dose, 1-3×/day.

DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol / Deanol)

ADHD/learning disabilities in children (1970s historical RCTs)

ADHD HISTORICAL: 500 mg/day in 1970s pediatric trials. NOOTROPIC: 100-200 mg/day.

Picamilon (N-Nicotinoyl-GABA)

Anxiety with mild stimulating profile (Russian indication)

RUSSIAN APPROVED: 50 mg 3×/day (150 mg/day). CEREBROVASCULAR: 100-300 mg/day. ANXIETY:

Pramiracetam (Pramistar)

Senile cognitive disorders (Italian approval — limited evidence)

STANDARD: 600 mg BID (1200 mg/day) with meals. AD TRIALS: 400-1500 mg/day. POST-TBI /

Lithium Orotate

Mood Support (Subclinical / Integrative)

5-20 mg elemental lithium/day (lithium orotate 130-520 mg providing ~4.6%-20%

L-Glutamic Acid / Glutamate

Major Excitatory Neurotransmitter

Not typically supplemented; dietary intake substantial (10–20 g/day in typical diet,

AlphaSize® (Alpha-GPC — Chemi Nutra)

Memory and cognition

300 to 600 mg per day for cognition; about 600 mg pre-exercise in sports studies.

BacoMind® (Bacopa monnieri Extract — Natural Remedies)

Memory and learning

About 300 mg per day, typically taken for 8 to 12 weeks for cognitive effects.

Cognizin® (Citicoline — Kyowa Hakko)

Attention and focus

250 to 500 mg per day.

EPAX® (Concentrated Omega-3 Fish Oil)

Cardiovascular health

A serving typically providing several hundred milligrams to over a gram of combined E

SerinAid® (Phosphatidylserine — Chemi Nutra)

Memory and cognition

100 to 300 mg per day; 300 mg/day is common in cognition studies.

AlphaWave® L-Theanine (NutriScience)

Calm without drowsiness

100 to 200 mg per day, taken as needed for calm focus or before sleep.

BioPQQ® (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone — Mitsubishi)

Memory and cognition

About 20 mg per day.

Eupoly-3® (DHA and EPA Omega-3)

Brain and cognition

A serving providing several hundred milligrams of combined DHA and EPA per day.

i-Sabi® (Wasabi Extract — 6-MSITC)

Memory in older adults

About 0.8 mg of 6-MSITC (around 100 mg of wasabi extract) per day.

Synapsa® (Bacopa monnieri Extract — KeyView)

Memory and learning

About 320 mg per day, taken for several weeks for cognitive effects.

Centevita® (Centella asiatica Extract — Indena)

Microcirculation and veins

Commonly 60 to 120 mg of standardized extract per day.

Cera-Q® (Silk Fibroin Peptides)

About 400 to 600 mg of fibroin hydrolysate per day, in divided doses.

Bluenesse® (Lemon Balm Extract — Vital Solutions)

Calm, focused cognition

Around 300 mg per day.

VitaCholine® (Choline Bitartrate — Balchem)

Brain and memory support

Commonly 300 to 550 mg of choline per day.

Centellory® (Gotu Kola Extract)

Cognition and memory

Commonly 250 to 750 mg of standardized extract per day.

Ginkgo 24/6 (Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract)

Cognition and memory

Commonly 120 to 240 mg of standardized extract per day.

Ginkgolden® (Ginkgo biloba Extract)

Cognition and memory

Commonly 120 to 240 mg of standardized extract per day.

GinPure® (Ginkgo biloba Extract)

Cognition and memory

Commonly 120 to 240 mg of standardized extract per day.

GinSelect® (Ginkgo biloba Extract)

Cognition and memory

Commonly 120 to 240 mg of standardized extract per day.

BioPure DHA® (Omega-3 DHA)

Healthy triglycerides

Commonly 1 to 3 g of combined EPA and DHA per day.

Dry N-3® (Powdered Omega-3)

Healthy triglycerides

Commonly 1 to 3 g of combined EPA and DHA per day.

DurOmega® (Stabilized Omega-3)

Healthy triglycerides

Commonly 1 to 3 g of combined EPA and DHA per day.

EFADuo® (Omega-3 and Omega-6 Complex)

Healthy triglycerides

Commonly 1 to 3 g of combined EPA and DHA per day.

Elantria® Algal DHA (Vegan Omega-3 DHA)

Healthy triglycerides

Commonly 1 to 3 g of combined EPA and DHA per day.

EssentiOmega® (Omega-3 Concentrate)

Healthy triglycerides

Commonly 1 to 3 g of combined EPA and DHA per day.

V-Krill Omega® (Krill Omega-3)

Healthy triglycerides

Commonly 1 to 3 g of combined EPA and DHA per day.

Chocamine® (Cocoa Extract — RFI)

Smooth energy and focus

Commonly around 500 mg to 1.5 g of cocoa extract per day.

GS15-4® (Enzyme-Fermented Ginseng — Ilhwa)

Energy and vitality

Around 165 mg of fermented ginseng extract per day.

Alcolec® (Phosphatidylcholine / Lecithin — American Lecithin)

Choline and brain support

Commonly a few hundred milligrams to grams per day.

CocoaNol® (Cocoa Flavanol Extract)

Cardiovascular support

Commonly providing a few hundred milligrams of cocoa flavanols per day.

CocoaGanic® (Organic Cocoa Flavanols)

Cardiovascular support

Commonly providing a few hundred milligrams of cocoa flavanols per day.

Decursinol-50® (Angelica gigas Extract)

Commonly around 100 to 200 mg per day.

NeuGrape® (Grape Seed Extract for Cognition)

Cognitive support

Commonly 100 to 300 mg per day.

BioPS® (Soy Phosphatidylserine — ECA Healthcare)

Memory and cognition

Commonly 100 to 300 mg per day.