Top 5 — Ranked by Evidence
Strong
Marine Collagen
Skin elasticity and hydration (Type I-rich)
Skin applications: 2.5-10 g/day. Bone and joint support: 5-10 g/day. Effects appear o
Very Strong
Pycnogenol® (French Maritime Pine Bark)
Skin elasticity and hydration
50–200 mg/day; cardiovascular: 100–200 mg/day; cognitive: 100 mg/day; athletic perfor
Strong
VeriSperse® (Stabilized Astaxanthin)
Skin Health (UV Protection, Skin Quality)
4-12 mg/day astaxanthin; VeriSperse format provides improved bioavailability
Very Strong
AstaZine® (Natural Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis — BGG)
Skin Health and Photoprotection
4-12 mg/day AstaZine (research-validated; some applications 12-24 mg)
Very Strong
FloraGLO® Lutein (Kemin)
Skin photoprotection and screen-time blue light
AREDS2 standard: 10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin/day. Cognitive: 12 mg/day. Skin/gener
📈 Fastest Growing Hair, Skin & Nails Ingredients
Branded ingredients seeing rapid growth in formulator adoption and clinical research in 2024–2026.
Trending
Very Strong
AstaZine® (Natural Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis — BGG)
Skin Health and Photoprotection
4-12 mg/day AstaZine (research-validated; some applications 12-24 mg)
Trending
Very Strong
Pycnogenol® (French Maritime Pine Bark)
Skin elasticity and hydration
50–200 mg/day; cardiovascular: 100–200 mg/day; cognitive: 100 mg/day; athletic performance:…
Trending
Strong
VeriSperse® (Stabilized Astaxanthin)
Skin Health (UV Protection, Skin Quality)
4-12 mg/day astaxanthin; VeriSperse format provides improved bioavailability
🔬 Future Hair, Skin & Nails Ingredients to Watch
Lower current evidence but active research underway — these may become top picks within 2–3 years.
Watch
Moderate
Collactive® (Marine Collagen + Elastin Peptide Complex — PLT Health)
19% reduction in deep wrinkles (28 days)
2 grams (2,000 mg) per day — a fraction of the 5-10 g/day typical of standard hydrolyzed…
Watch
Strong
DermaNiA® (Niacinamide for Skin Health — Sabinsa)
Non-melanoma skin cancer prevention — Chen 2015
NMSC prevention (oral): 500 mg twice daily (1,000 mg/day total) — the Chen 2015 ONTRAC trial…
Watch
Strong
NatAxtin™ (Chilean Astaxanthin — Stratum Nutrition)
Skin Health and UV Protection
4-12 mg/day astaxanthin (typical supplemental range)
Watch
Moderate
VISPO™ (VI-SPO® Saw Palmetto CO₂ Oil)
Reduced hair fall in androgenetic alopecia (branded RCT)
Sudeep 2023 hair trial: 400 mg/day oral softgel (and a 20% topical, 5 mL/day) for 16 weeks.…
Watch
Moderate
Skin-Cera® (Konjac Glucosylceramides)
Skin hydration and barrier (indexed RCT)
Branded trial: 100 mg/day (delivering ~5 mg glucosylceramides) for 6 weeks. Oral ceramide…
Recommended Hair, Skin & Nails Products
Heads up: NutraSmarts may earn a commission from purchases made through these links, at no extra cost to you. We curate these picks based on the same evidence we cite throughout the page. Full disclosure.
Real products featuring the best-evidenced hair, skin & nails ingredients ranked above — chosen for clinically-studied forms and doses, third-party testing, and value. Match the supplement to your specific need.
Best for androgenetic (DHT-driven) hair loss
Amazon →
NOW Foods Saw Palmetto Extract
Saw palmetto extract — 320 mg standardized
Saw palmetto is the most evidence-backed supplemental DHT modulator. Works by inhibiting 5-alpha reductase (the enzyme that converts testosterone to DHT). NOW Foods uses the clinically-studied 320 mg standardized extract — avoiding the multi-ingredient "DHT blocker" formulas that bury active doses in proprietary blends. Effects build over 3-6 months.
Best for iron/ferritin-related hair loss
Amazon →
Thorne Iron Bisglycinate
Iron bisglycinate (Ferrochel®) — 25 mg
Iron deficiency and low ferritin are common hidden drivers of hair loss, particularly in women. Page editorial: "Iron deficiency, low ferritin, zinc deficiency... cause hair loss and respond to supplementation." Iron bisglycinate (Ferrochel®) is gentler on the GI than ferrous sulfate. Best taken only after bloodwork confirms deficiency.
Best for hair density (RCT-backed)
Amazon →
Vital Proteins Advanced Collagen + Verisol®
Verisol® bioactive collagen peptides
Contains Verisol® bioactive collagen peptides — the only collagen form with clinical trial evidence specifically for hair thickness. A 16-week placebo-controlled trial in women aged 39-75 showed significant hair thickness improvement at 2.5 g/day. Distinct from generic "hair vitamins" — the Verisol® brand-specific evidence is what makes this editorially honest.
Best comprehensive formula (women 18-44)
Amazon →
Nutrafol Women's
Multi-ingredient formula — 21 actives
The #1 dermatologist-recommended hair growth supplement brand. The Women's formula targets root causes of thinning hair in women 18-44, including stress, lifestyle factors, and nutrient gaps. Contains a proprietary blend of 21 ingredients including saw palmetto, ashwagandha, marine collagen, and a clinically-studied biotin complex. Has multiple published clinical trials — more than most multi-ingredient hair formulas. Visible results typically take 3-6 months of consistent use.
All Hair, Skin & Nails Ingredients (110)
Strong
Marine Collagen
Skin elasticity and hydration (Type I-rich)
Skin applications: 2.5-10 g/day. Bone and joint support: 5-10 g/day. Effects appear o
Very Strong
Pycnogenol® (French Maritime Pine Bark)
Skin elasticity and hydration
50–200 mg/day; cardiovascular: 100–200 mg/day; cognitive: 100 mg/day; athletic perfor
Strong
VeriSperse® (Stabilized Astaxanthin)
Skin Health (UV Protection, Skin Quality)
4-12 mg/day astaxanthin; VeriSperse format provides improved bioavailability
Very Strong
AstaZine® (Natural Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis — BGG)
Skin Health and Photoprotection
4-12 mg/day AstaZine (research-validated; some applications 12-24 mg)
Very Strong
FloraGLO® Lutein (Kemin)
Skin photoprotection and screen-time blue light
AREDS2 standard: 10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin/day. Cognitive: 12 mg/day. Skin/gener
Very Strong
Niacin
Supports Skin Health
14–16 mg/day (RDA); lipid-lowering: 1,500–3,000 mg/day (extended-release niacin, unde
Very Strong
Vitamin C
Collagen Synthesis and Wound Healing
75–90 mg/day (RDA); immune/antioxidant: 200–500 mg/day; upper limit 2,000 mg/day; lip
Very Strong
Zinc
Skin Health
8–11 mg/day (RDA); therapeutic: 25–40 mg/day elemental zinc; upper limit 40 mg/day; a
Strong
Bovine Collagen
Skin elasticity and wrinkle reduction (Type I)
Skin and joints: 2.5-10 g/day. Tendon support: 15 g/day with vitamin C, 30-60 minutes
Moderate
ceratiq® (Phytoceramides for Skin Hydration)
Visible wrinkle reduction — 88% response rate
30–200 mg/day phytoceramides; ceratiq® clinical dose per PLT Health Solutions specifi
Strong
Tea Tree Oil
Mild-to-moderate acne treatment
TOPICAL ACNE: 5% TTO gel 1-2×/day. DANDRUFF: 5% shampoo daily. ORAL/PERIODONTITIS: 0.
Strong
Calendula (Pot Marigold)
Prevention of acute radiation-induced dermatitis (Pivotal RCT)
RADIATION DERMATITIS: Boiron Pommade au Calendula 2×/day during radiotherapy. WOUND/S
Strong
DermaNiA® (Niacinamide for Skin Health — Sabinsa)
Non-melanoma skin cancer prevention — Chen 2015
NMSC prevention (oral): 500 mg twice daily (1,000 mg/day total) — the Chen 2015 ONTRA
Strong
Lutein
Skin photoprotection and elasticity
6–20 mg/day; AREDS2: 10 mg/day lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin; eye health: 10–20 mg/day wit
Strong
Pantothenic Acid
Promotes Skin and Hair Health
AI (Adequate Intake): 5 mg/day adults (no RDA). PREGNANCY: 6 mg/day. LACTATION: 7 mg/
Moderate
Saw Palmetto
Hair Growth
160 mg twice daily (320 mg/day) standardized to 85–95% fatty acids; most studies use
Moderate
Skin-Cera®
Skin hydration and barrier (indexed RCT)
100 mg/day (~5 mg glucosylceramides)
Strong
NatAxtin™ (Chilean Astaxanthin — Stratum Nutrition)
Skin Health and UV Protection
4-12 mg/day astaxanthin (typical supplemental range)
Moderate
Asta-Marine® (Marine Astaxanthin)
Skin health
Commonly 4 to 12 mg of astaxanthin per day.
Moderate
AstaBead® (Astaxanthin Beadlet)
Skin health
Commonly 4 to 12 mg of astaxanthin per day.
Moderate
AstaReal® Astaxanthin
Skin health
Commonly 4 to 12 mg of astaxanthin per day.
Moderate
AstaSana™ (Natural Astaxanthin)
Skin health
Commonly 4 to 12 mg of astaxanthin per day.
Moderate
Zanthin® (Natural Astaxanthin)
Skin health
Commonly 4 to 12 mg of astaxanthin per day.
Strong
Beta-Carotene
Skin photoprotection
DIETARY: 1.8-2.4 mg/day average. WHOLE-FOOD MIXED CAROTENOIDS: safe. SYNTHETIC TRIAL
Strong
CoEnzyme Q10
Skin and exercise — minor secondary uses
Heart failure (Q-SYMBIO): 100 mg 3×/day. Migraine: 100-300 mg/day. Statin myopathy: 1
Moderate
Glycyrrhizina (Licorice Flavonoids — BGG)
Glabridin skin whitening and dermatology
Per BGG product specification
Strong
Grape Seed Extract (OPC)
Skin health and collagen protection
100–400 mg/day standardized extract (≥95% OPCs); blood pressure: 150–300 mg/day MegaN
Strong
L-OptiZinc® (Zinc Mono-L-Methionine — Lonza)
Skin Health and Wound Healing
10-30 mg elemental zinc/day (per L-OptiZinc product specification)
Strong
Vitamin E
Skin health
15 mg/day (RDA); therapeutic studies use 400–1,000 IU/day
Moderate
Collagen
Skin elasticity, hydration, and wrinkle depth
Skin and joints: 2.5-10 g/day hydrolyzed collagen peptides. Bone support: 5 g/day. At
Moderate
Polypodium Leucotomos
Skin Protection Against UV Damage
Typically dosed at 240–480 mg/day
Moderate
Bakuchi (Bakuchiol)
Sensitive skin tolerability
TOPICAL: 0.5-1.0% bakuchiol cream 1-2×/day (Dhaliwal 2019: 0.5% × 12 wk = retinol-equ
Strong
Collactive® (Marine Collagen + Hyaluronic Acid)
19% reduction in deep wrinkles (28 days)
2.5–10g/day marine collagen peptides + 40–200mg/day hyaluronic acid; Collactive® clin
Moderate
HairAge® (Hair Health Support)
Hairline recession reduction
Per Saanroo product specification
Moderate
Jojoba Oil
Pro-collagen III and hyaluronic acid synthesis (ex vivo skin)
TOPICAL: 100% pure jojoba 1-2×/day, OR 5-10% in cosmetics. CLAY+JOJOBA MASK: 2-3×/wee
Moderate
VERISOL® (Bioactive Collagen Peptides — Gelita)
Skin elasticity improvement
2.5-5 g/day VERISOL® bioactive collagen peptides, taken as a single daily dose. Effec
Moderate
LingonMax® (Lingonberry Extract — BGG)
Skin revitalization in 8 weeks (multi-parameter)
Per BGG LingonMax product specification
Moderate
Lustriva® (Bonded Arginine Silicate + Magnesium Biotinate — Nutrition21)
Hair density and growth (one published RCT)
160 mg/day Lustriva (the standard clinical and commercial dose), delivering 10 mg sil
Moderate
Tremella fuciformis (Snow Mushroom / Silver Ear Fungus)
Skin hydration vs hyaluronic acid (Applechem 4-week study)
TOPICAL: snow mushroom extract 1-2× daily. ORAL: 1-3 g dried fruiting body or 500-1,0
Moderate
Xorialyc® (Olive Leaf Extract for Skin Inflammation)
Skin Redness Reduction
300 mg/day (research-validated dose)
Moderate
Astaxanthin
Skin health and "internal sunscreen"
4–12 mg/day from Haematococcus pluvialis extract; skin: 4–6 mg/day; exercise recovery
Moderate
Evening Primrose Oil (Oenothera biennis)
Eczema and atopic dermatitis improvement
3–6 g/day EPO (providing 240–480 mg GLA); eczema: 4–8 g/day; PMS: 3–4 g/day; diabetic
Moderate
Ferulic Acid
Skin photoprotection (topical)
Hyperlipidemia: 1,000 mg/day × 6 weeks (the best-studied protocol). Asian clinical do
Moderate
MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane)
Skin, hair, and nail support
Standard dose: 1.5-3 g/day, often split as 1 g twice daily. Joint applications: 3-6 g
Moderate
Naticol® (Marine Fish Collagen Peptides — Weishardt)
Skin elasticity and hydration
Skin applications: 5 g/day Naticol® collagen peptides. Joint comfort: 5-10 g/day. Bon
Moderate
Nutroxsun® (Rosemary + Grapefruit Skin Protection)
Collagen protection and skin aging prevention
250 mg/day Nutroxsun®; take 1–2 hours before anticipated UV exposure for best photopr
Moderate
Pumpkin Seed Oil (Cucurbita pepo)
Hair Growth (Androgenic Alopecia)
1-3 g/day pumpkin seed oil (typically 1,000-3,000 mg in capsules); 320-360 mg standar
Moderate
SelectSIEVE® Apple PCQ (Apple Polyphenols)
Skin condition
Around 300 mg of apple polyphenols per day in studies.
Moderate
Setria® Glutathione
Skin Health (Trends — Not Statistically Significant in Primary RCT)
250–500 mg/day; 250 mg shown effective for increasing blood glutathione levels
Moderate
VISPO™ (VI-SPO® Saw Palmetto)
Reduced hair fall in androgenetic alopecia (branded RCT)
400 mg/day oral, ≥85% fatty acids
Moderate
Zinc Picolinate
Skin/Acne Support
15–50 mg elemental zinc/day; for short-term immune/skin: up to 50 mg/day for 4–8 week
Very Strong
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Skin — atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne
1–3 g/day combined EPA+DHA for general health; 2–4 g/day for triglyceride reduction (
Moderate
Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
Burn Treatment / Skin Healing
60-120 mg/day standardized extract (containing total triterpenes ~30%); whole herb 1-
Moderate
Hyaluronic Acid
Skin Health
80–200 mg/day oral for joint and skin benefits; skin: 120–240 mg/day; low molecular w
Moderate
L-Lysine
Collagen synthesis and bone health
500–3,000 mg/day; herpes suppression: 1,000–3,000 mg/day during outbreaks, 500–1,500
Moderate
Lycopene
Skin photoprotection
8-21 mg/day food or supplement. CV/prostate: 15-45 mg/day. Bone (LycoRed): 8 mg/day.
Moderate
Neem (Azadirachta indica)
Skin Conditions (Traditional + Some Modern Evidence)
PINGALI 2020 T2DM: 125/250/500 mg standardized neem BID = 250-1000 mg/day × 12 wk + m
Moderate
Oligonol® (Lychee + Green Tea Polyphenol — Amino Up)
Skin health and anti-aging effects
Visceral fat protocol: 200 mg/day Oligonol® (50 mg twice daily) for 10 weeks. Periphe
Moderate
Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides)
Skin Health (Topical and Oral)
1-3 g/day sea buckthorn oil (berry pulp or seed oil); berry powder 5-10 g/day; vitami
Moderate
SOD B Dimpless® (Melon Superoxide Dismutase)
Skin smoothness
Around 10 mg (about 140 IU of SOD) per day.
Moderate
Squalene
Skin barrier protection and emollient (topical squalene/squalane)
CV: 860 mg/day × 20 wk hypercholesterolemia. STRANDBERG 1990: 900 mg/day. PK: 500 mg
Moderate
Zeaxanthin
Skin Health
2–10 mg/day; AREDS2 formula uses 2 mg zeaxanthin + 10 mg lutein; combined lutein/zeax
Moderate
Zinc Bisglycinate (Zinc Glycinate)
Skin and Wound Healing
15–30 mg elemental zinc/day for general supplementation; up to 50 mg for short-term t
Moderate
Zinc Citrate
Acne and Skin
15–50 mg elemental zinc/day; toothpaste/mouthwash use 0.1–0.3% concentration
Limited
Black Currant Seed Oil
Skin Health (Modest Evidence)
1-3 g black currant seed oil/day (providing ~150-600 mg GLA + modest SDA); RA trials
Limited
ActriSave™
Hair follicle support and hair life cycle (manufacturer trial)
250 mg/day, 4.5–5.5% anthocyanins
Limited
Keratin (Cynatine HNS)
Hair improvements (single industry-funded RCT)
BEER 2014: 500 mg Cynatine HNS®/day in 2 caps × 90 days. Includes 7.5 mg Zn + 9 mg B3
Limited
LactoSporin
Reduction in acne severity
TOPICAL ONLY: 2% w/w cream BID to facial skin (Majeed 2020 acne × 21 d + Majeed 2023
Limited
AnaGain™ Nu
Reduced hair shedding and improved density (branded study)
100 mg/day oral
Limited
Silicon / Orthosilicic Acid
Skin, hair, and nail quality improvement
10–40 mg/day bioavailable silicon as ch-OSA®; dietary silicon: 20–50 mg/day from grai
Limited
Apfenol® (Apple Polyphenol Extract — ECA Healthcare)
Skin and cardiometabolic support
Commonly a few hundred milligrams of apple polyphenols per day.
Limited
ApPhenols® (Apple Polyphenols)
Skin and cardiometabolic support
Commonly a few hundred milligrams of apple polyphenols per day.
Limited
Astrion® (NuLiv Science Beauty-From-Within)
Skin hydration and moisture retention
Per Astrion® product specifications; NuLiv Science beauty-from-within dosing data
Limited
Cosmythic® (Maritime Pine Bark for Skin — Purextract)
Skin beauty support
Commonly around 50 to 100 mg per day.
Limited
DracoBelle™ Nu
Skin hydration and density (manufacturer trial)
100 mg/day for 12 weeks
Limited
FenuKale™ Nu
Skin moisture and barrier in a polluted environment (branded RCT)
350 mg/day for 56 days
Limited
Hemp Seed Oil
Skin Health (Topical and Oral)
1-2 tablespoons (15-30 mL) daily; provides ~2-4 g ALA, ~7-10 g LA, ~0.4-0.8 g GLA
Limited
Hi-Omega-7® (Palmitoleic Acid Omega-7)
Skin barrier support
Around 200 to 400 mg of palmitoleic acid per day.
Limited
L-Cysteine
Hair, Skin, and Nails
500–1,500 mg/day for hair/skin support; for glutathione support, NAC (600–1,200 mg/da
Limited
L-Proline
Collagen Synthesis
Typically as part of collagen supplementation (10-15 g/day collagen provides ~1.5 g p
Limited
Luravida® (Cranberry Omega-3 Oil — AHD International)
Skin Health Applications
Per AHD Luravida product specification (typical 1-3 g/day)
Limited
MintyBright™ Nu
Skin brightening / more even tone (manufacturer trial)
150 mg/day for 12 weeks
Limited
ActivAloe® (Standardized Aloe Vera — Aloecorp)
Skin support
Per the product specification.
Limited
CyanthOx™ (Sea Buckthorn Proanthocyanidin Extract)
Cardiovascular and skin claims — mechanism-level
Drapeau 2019 acute trial: 500 mg CyanthOx™30 (~150 mg sea buckthorn proanthocyanidins
Limited
Eternalyoung® (Botanical Skin-Aging Blend — Monteloeder)
Skin appearance
About 225 mg per day.
Limited
Melagenol® (Oral Skin-Tone Botanical)
Even skin tone
Per the product specification.
Limited
NaturSYN® Beaulixir (Hair and Skin Botanical Blend — ROELMI)
Hair support
Around 600 mg per day.
Limited
Eclipta Alba / Bhringraj
Hair Growth Promotion (Mostly Animal Evidence)
TOPICAL: 2-5% extract in carrier oil to scalp (most traditional + clinical). ORAL: 25
Moderate
Borage Oil (Starflower Oil)
Highest GLA Concentration of Plant Oils
1-3 g borage oil/day (providing 240-720 mg GLA daily); RA trials used up to 1.4 g GLA
Moderate
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
Hair density support in menopause
Standard dose: 40-80 mg isoflavones per day, often formulated as Promensil® or simila
Preliminary
Cnidium (She Chuang Zi)
Skin conditions — eczema, dermatitis, fungal infections (topical)
TCM ORAL: 3-9 g raw fruit decoction OR 100-500 mg/day standardized extract (10-30% os
Very Limited
PhytoCellTec™ Md Nu
Marketed for skin vitality from within
Low daily serving
Preliminary
Polygonum multiflorum / Reynoutria multiflora (He Shou Wu / Fo-Ti)
Safer alternatives for hair and anti-aging
TCM RAW (RPM): ~5 g/day raw root per Chinese Pharmacopoeia. PROCESSED (PMP): ~5-15 g/
Moderate
L-Methionine
Nail and hair strength
500–3,000 mg/day; general supplementation: 500–1,000 mg/day; therapeutic: up to 3 g/d
Limited
BiovaDerm® (Water-Soluble Eggshell Membrane for Skin — Biova)
Skin support
Commonly around 300 to 500 mg per day.
Limited
Glabridin (Licorice Isoflavone)
Skin lightening and hyperpigmentation
LDL oxidation: 250 mg/day for 6 months. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: 300 m
Limited
Silk Amino Acids / Silk Fibroin Hydrolysate
Skin hydration and barrier (sericin oral and topical)
COGNITIVE: 200-600 mg silk fibroin enzyme hydrolysate (FEH)/day × 3-16 wk. STAMINA: ~
Preliminary
BiAloe® (Aloe Vera Polysaccharides)
Skin support
Commonly a few hundred milligrams per day.
Preliminary
Bonicel® (Probiotic-Derived Skincare Ingredient)
Skin hydration and smoothness
Used topically in skincare formulas, not taken orally.
Preliminary
Colla-1000D® (Collagen Peptides)
Skin, hair, and nails
Commonly around 2.5 to 10 grams per day.
Preliminary
Collamex® (Collagen Peptides)
Skin support
Commonly around 2.5 to 10 grams per day.
Preliminary
DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol / Deanol)
Topical skin firming (cosmetic applications)
ADHD HISTORICAL: 500 mg/day in 1970s pediatric trials. NOOTROPIC: 100-200 mg/day. ELD
Preliminary
L-Threonine
Collagen and Elastin Synthesis
Standalone rarely studied; ~7.5 g/day used in hereditary spastic paraparesis trials;
Moderate
Saberry® (Amla / Indian Gooseberry — Sabinsa)
21.8% fasting blood sugar reduction at 2 g/day
Per Sabinsa product specification (typical 250-500 mg/day)
Moderate
Lactobacillus salivarius (Multi-Strain)
Caries risk reduction (WB21)
ORAL HEALTH (WB21): 2.0×10⁹ CFU/day × 2 weeks (caries). PERIODONTAL (heat-killed CP33
Moderate
Lactoperoxidase (LPO Salivary Enzyme System)
Gingival index reduction LF + LPO tablets
TOOTHPASTE: BID brushing × 12-14 weeks. HIGH-DOSE TABLETS: Lactoferrin 60 mg + LPO 7.
Moderate
Lysozyme (Salivary Antimicrobial Enzyme)
Tooth surface stain removal toothpaste 8-week RCT
TOOTHPASTE: BID for 8-13 weeks. CELC TABLETS: 8 weeks (KCT0001366). LOZENGE: 1 TID fo
Limited
Acerola Cherry
Enhanced vitamin C bioavailability vs isolated ascorbic acid
UCHIDA 2011 BIOAVAILABILITY: 50 mg vit C from acerola juice. COMMERCIAL: 100-500 mg p
Limited
Arnica (Arnica montana)
Topical arnica gel for bruising — modest effect
TOPICAL (recommended): 20% tincture or 10-25% gel 2-4×/day. OTC: Arnicare®, Traumeel®
Limited
Cosmoperine® (Tetrahydropiperine — Sabinsa)
Topical / Cosmetic Penetration Enhancement
Topical application per cosmetic formulation specification